{"id":919,"date":"2016-01-21T00:04:26","date_gmt":"2016-01-21T05:04:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/"},"modified":"2018-11-30T09:00:44","modified_gmt":"2018-11-30T14:00:44","slug":"atrocity-crime-and-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb2\/3″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1447024828222{padding-right: 30px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text]By Dr\u00a0Mark A. Drumbl<\/strong><\/p>\n

Photo:<\/a> by Arek Socha<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Primo Levi\u2019s writing memorializes the day-to-day in Auschwitz.[ref]See e.g. Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz: the Nazi assault on humanity<\/a><\/em>, originally published in 1947 as Se questo \u00e8 un uomo<\/em> (If this is a man) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).[\/ref] Levi gazes beyond the structural brutality of the camp. His principal subjects are neither guards, nor camp officials, nor the SS, nor Nazis. His principal subjects are the inmates, and he presents them in their many conflicting dimensions. Schepschel, for example, stole from the factory in cahoots with Moischl. But Schepschel then condemned him, and so Moischl was flogged. Schepschel did so because he aspired to curry favor in his quest to become Kesselw\u00e4scher<\/em> \u2013 a \u2018vat washer\u2019 \u2013 with the easier life that such a \u2018promotion\u2019 portended. Other inmates were pushed into or (and) sought status as Kapos<\/em> (\u2018prisoner functionary\u2019), Sonderkommando<\/em> (\u2018special units\u2019), or Prominenz<\/em> (the \u2018prominents\u2019, those holding the highest posts). They, the few, thereby came to exert some authority over the many other inmates. Levi\u2019s work is also preoccupied with how the many stole from each other \u2013 the \u2018law of the Lager<\/em>\u2019 (\u2018camp\u2019), as Levi recounts it, was to eat your own bread and, if possible, that of your neighbor too.<\/p>\n

Levi\u2019s writings \u2013 along with those of other Holocaust survivors such as Viktor Frankl,[ref]See e.g. Viktor E Frankl, Man\u2019s search for meaning<\/a><\/em>, (New York: NY: Pocket Books, 1963).[\/ref] Ka-Tzetnik,[ref]See e.g. Ka-tzetnik 135633, Bet ha-bubot (The House of Dolls)<\/a>, (Tel-Aviv: Dvir, 1953).[\/ref] and Imre Kert\u00e9sz[ref]See e.g. Imre Kert\u00e9sz, Fateless<\/a><\/em> (Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press, 1992).[\/ref] \u2013 are populated by many Schepschels. These authors scorn these Schepschels; but all the while refrain from denouncing them, judging them, or locating in their desperate conduct any diffusion of responsibility away from the Nazis. The literary format of their accounts, to be clear, does not oblige them to judge. These authors memorialize experiences that carry great meaning for survivors and which vivify how, in times of atrocity, the divide between victimizers and victims blurs.<\/p>\n

International criminal law, on the other hand, tends to eschew permeability. The energy of criminal law is one of finality and disjunctive category: guilty or not-guilty, victim or perpetrator, oppressor or oppressed, right or wrong, powerful or powerless. The criminal law\u2019s status as the iconic manner in which to deliver accountability for atrocity thereby hinges upon a vocabulary that struggles to narrate how and through whom atrocity occurs.<\/p>\n

Unlike Levi, Israeli legislators and courts did judge some of the Schepschels. They did so in the 1950s and 1960s in a series of national trials called the Kapo<\/em> trials. The records of many of them have been sealed; others were destroyed in a flood. Still, enough evidence emerges into the public frame to assess these trials. These proceedings illustrate the spoiled clumsiness that the criminal law experiences in explicating the victim\/victimizer divide in Levi\u2019s \u2018grey zone\u2019. The murkiness of this \u2018grey zone\u2019 became embarrassing and discomfiting when refracted through the lens of the criminal law.<\/p>\n

The pursuit of justice, meaning, and transition in the wake of the Holocaust is not self-contained. The variance between Holocaust writing and Holocaust judging \u2013 as evidenced in the d\u00e9nouement<\/em> of the Kapo<\/em> proceedings \u2013 conveys pedagogic value for transitional reckoning in the wake of other atrocities.<\/p>\n

Is the criminal law\u2019s clumsiness in explicating the \u2018grey zone\u2019 a congenital condition? The indictment of a former child soldier, Dominic Ongwen, at the International Criminal Court offers a contemporary case-study.[ref]The Prosecutor v Dominic Ongwen<\/a><\/em>, ICC-02\/04-01\/15, Initial Appearance Hearing (26 January 2015) (International Criminal Court).[\/ref] Ongwen rose well beyond Kesselw\u00e4scher<\/em> \u2013 he became a Brigade Commander of northern Uganda\u2019s Lord\u2019s Resistance Army. Kidnapped into the LRA as a minor while walking to school, Ongwen deployed great violence to thrive within its ranks.\u00a0Regardless, he has suffered crimes for which he now faces charges,[ref]The confirmation of charges hearing will be held at the seat of the ICC on 21 January 2016 <\/a> (ICC, Press Release, ICC-CPI-20151028-PR1162, \u2018\u2019Ongwen case: the confirmation of charges hearing to be held at the seat of the ICC in The Hague\u2019\u2019 (18 October 2015).[\/ref]\u00a0namely enslavement as a crime against humanity and unlawful recruitment of child soldiers. This renders him unique among ICC indictees.<\/p>\n

Child soldiering remains poorly understood. In part, this is because child soldiering is entangled in international law\u2019s categorism of pure victim (the child) and ugly perpetrator (the adult abuser). To be sure, ethnographic work has helped diversify, and thicken, what we know of how and why juveniles become militarized, and what they do once in armed forces or groups. Yet, as I have argued elsewhere, these contributions have not made much headway within the international legal imagination.[ref]Mark A Drumbl, Reimagining Child Soldiers in International Law and Policy<\/a><\/em> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).[\/ref]\n

Ongwen\u2019s trial presents as an opportunity to transcend the simplicity of these images and thereby to offer a richer account of child soldiering. Ongwen shatters the binaries in that he is a child, abducted and brutalized, who then became a zealous adult abuser. Yet, as I see it, neither defense nor prosecution has much to gain strategically from the deployment of thick accounts. The defense\u2019s goal ostensibly would be to present Ongwen as an innocent child, so as to ground claims of duress and sentence mitigation. The prosecution is incented to retort by presenting him exclusively as a culpable adult \u2013 thereby downplaying the fact that Ongwen had entered the LRA as a child and came of age in such a dismal setting.<\/p>\n

One way to drain the zero-sum nature of these incentives is to diversify the venues where accountability is pursued and memory is authenticated. Criminal law could nourish, instead of starve, methodological pluralism. This means cultivating spaces for mechanisms such as truth commissions, reintegrative ceremonies, and reciprocal obligation located in plural legal traditions. To be clear, these mechanisms are not literary in methodology. Hence, another move would be for law generally to recede and encourage plural narratives of how, why, and through whom atrocity occurs and what it is that survivors hunger to remember. This move works if law sees its authentications neither as iconic nor preferential, but as occupying an equal footing with others, including literary, historical, and ethnographic ones. Such a retooling might make it easier to remember times when victims are victimizers, and victimizers are victims, and thereby help memorialize atrocity as it is and not as law conveniently hopes it to be.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/3″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1447025172619{padding-top: 35px !important;padding-right: 35px !important;padding-bottom: 35px !important;padding-left: 35px !important;background: #eae5e1 url(https:\/\/intergentes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ricepaper_v3.png?id=691) !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

About the Author<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mark Drumbl is the Class of 1975 Alumni Professor at\u00a0<\/span>Washington and Lee University, School of Law<\/span><\/a>, where he also serves as Director of the University’s\u00a0<\/span>Transnational Law Institute<\/span><\/a>. He has held visiting appointments and has taught intensive courses at law schools world-wide.\u00a0His\u00a0research and teaching interests include public international law, global environmental governance, international criminal law, post-conflict justice, and transnational legal process. His work has been relied upon by the Supreme Court of Canada, the United Kingdom High Court, United States Federal Court,\u00a0and the Supreme Court of New York in recent decisions.<\/span><\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb2\/3″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1447024828222{padding-right: 30px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text]By Dr\u00a0Mark A. Drumbl Photo: by Arek Socha Primo Levi\u2019s writing memorializes the day-to-day in Auschwitz.[ref]See e.g. Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz: the Nazi assault on humanity, originally published in 1947 as Se questo \u00e8 un uomo (If this is a man) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).[\/ref] Levi gazes beyond […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[65,66,67,68,48,69,49,36,70,51],"class_list":["post-919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-op-ed-es","tag-atrocity-es","tag-child-soldiers-es","tag-crime-es","tag-holocaust-es","tag-inter-gentes-es","tag-justice-es","tag-law-es","tag-legal-pluralism-es","tag-mark-drumbl-es","tag-pluralism-es"],"yoast_head":"\nAtrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts - Inter Gentes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts - Inter Gentes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb2\/3″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1447024828222{padding-right: 30px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text]By Dr\u00a0Mark A. Drumbl Photo: by Arek Socha Primo Levi\u2019s writing memorializes the day-to-day in Auschwitz.[ref]See e.g. Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz: the Nazi assault on humanity, originally published in 1947 as Se questo \u00e8 un uomo (If this is a man) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).[\/ref] Levi gazes beyond […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Inter Gentes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-21T05:04:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-11-30T14:00:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr Mark A. Drumbl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr Mark A. Drumbl\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr Mark A. Drumbl\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fe781427f0ce8529d1c5c9336a075a3d\"},\"headline\":\"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-21T05:04:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-11-30T14:00:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1269,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/01\\\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Atrocity\",\"child soldiers\",\"Crime\",\"Holocaust\",\"inter gentes\",\"Justice\",\"law\",\"legal pluralism\",\"Mark Drumbl\",\"pluralism\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Op-Ed\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/\",\"name\":\"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts - Inter Gentes\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/01\\\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-21T05:04:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-11-30T14:00:44+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fe781427f0ce8529d1c5c9336a075a3d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/01\\\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/01\\\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Inter Gentes\",\"description\":\"The McGill Journal of International Law & Legal Pluralism\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fe781427f0ce8529d1c5c9336a075a3d\",\"name\":\"Dr Mark A. Drumbl\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/99d566b73855134daee689285ca6c6a0804294a0e9c9b2369a90bc5cddfe3ca6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/99d566b73855134daee689285ca6c6a0804294a0e9c9b2369a90bc5cddfe3ca6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/99d566b73855134daee689285ca6c6a0804294a0e9c9b2369a90bc5cddfe3ca6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dr Mark A. Drumbl\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/intergentes.com\\\/es\\\/author\\\/dr-mark-a-drumbl\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts - Inter Gentes","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts - Inter Gentes","og_description":"[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb2\/3″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1447024828222{padding-right: 30px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text]By Dr\u00a0Mark A. Drumbl Photo: by Arek Socha Primo Levi\u2019s writing memorializes the day-to-day in Auschwitz.[ref]See e.g. Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz: the Nazi assault on humanity, originally published in 1947 as Se questo \u00e8 un uomo (If this is a man) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).[\/ref] Levi gazes beyond […]","og_url":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/","og_site_name":"Inter Gentes","article_published_time":"2016-01-21T05:04:26+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-11-30T14:00:44+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Dr Mark A. Drumbl","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Dr Mark A. Drumbl","Tiempo de lectura":"6 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/"},"author":{"name":"Dr Mark A. Drumbl","@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/#\/schema\/person\/fe781427f0ce8529d1c5c9336a075a3d"},"headline":"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts","datePublished":"2016-01-21T05:04:26+00:00","dateModified":"2018-11-30T14:00:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/"},"wordCount":1269,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg","keywords":["Atrocity","child soldiers","Crime","Holocaust","inter gentes","Justice","law","legal pluralism","Mark Drumbl","pluralism"],"articleSection":["Op-Ed"],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/","url":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/","name":"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts - Inter Gentes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg","datePublished":"2016-01-21T05:04:26+00:00","dateModified":"2018-11-30T14:00:44+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/#\/schema\/person\/fe781427f0ce8529d1c5c9336a075a3d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Drumbl-Headshot-Edited.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/atrocity-crime-and-justice\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Atrocity, Crime, and Justice: Thick and Thin Accounts"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/","name":"Inter Gentes","description":"The McGill Journal of International Law & Legal Pluralism","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/#\/schema\/person\/fe781427f0ce8529d1c5c9336a075a3d","name":"Dr Mark A. Drumbl","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/99d566b73855134daee689285ca6c6a0804294a0e9c9b2369a90bc5cddfe3ca6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/99d566b73855134daee689285ca6c6a0804294a0e9c9b2369a90bc5cddfe3ca6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/99d566b73855134daee689285ca6c6a0804294a0e9c9b2369a90bc5cddfe3ca6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dr Mark A. Drumbl"},"url":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/author\/dr-mark-a-drumbl\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=919"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/919\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intergentes.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}